Gestural Trace－老爹篇01
- 本文（Gestural Trace）的翻译纯属消遣自娱，未经精准校对，仅供参考。欢迎批评指正。
- 针对文中涉及民族、政治、宗教的所有观点立场，有任何不满请找Leo Steinberg负责，译者提供原文参照之余，尽可能保证译文恰当、准确地还原当事人的感情色彩。
由于口述史难免非常跳跃分散，暂且决定翻译进度以特定话题为章节，分类节选。
跳跃点以分隔线划分。前后顺序与原文保持一致，但事件时间线是混乱的。
那么首先带来的专题是老爹篇——斯坦伯格父子的爱恨情仇。很能反应Leo好大儿人格底色和思维方式底层逻辑。（手动狗头）
在Leo嘴里没干什么正事的老爹在那个时代算是干过大事的人，应该说比他儿更有戏剧性，光是看Leo的碎碎念都快能脑补出一部大男主传记电影了，如果这都不算爱……🙏
PS：此后Leo遇到的每位代餐平替爹都在重复父子爱憎剧本
PS~PS：描述老爹和描述老妈的感情色彩完全不同呢，自行体会。☺
请出Leo老爹，Isaac Nachman Steinberg 照片镇楼
（没错老爹也是有十几种语言维基百科的人物，甚至比不肖子还多几种。）
SMITH:
How did you get from London to New York?
史密斯：
你是如何从伦敦来到纽约的？
STEINBERG:
Well, it's very complicated. My father [I. N. Steinberg] had been involved in an idealistic scheme to found Jewish settlements, but not in what was then Palestine. He started his movement, called the Freeland League, in the 1930s when there was a tremendous need for finding a space for refugees. There is a story of a Jewish woman going to a travel agency in Germany in the 1930s, and the agent says, "Where would you like to go? " She says, "I don't know, what have you got?" He 5 shows her a globe, and she turns and turns it, and says, "Is that all you've got?" It was in those years, the mid-thirties, that my father founded the Freeland League, because the British had closed off further immigration to Palestine. He was a sort of ideological anarchist. He did not want statehood for the Jews because he thought that statehood and power were corrupting. He wanted cultural autonomy, preferably within the British commonwealth, and the committee he had created studied the globe. They chose an area in Western Australia which was almost entirely uninhabited, and he went to Australia early in '39 to start creating favorable public opinion. That's where he got stuck when the war broke out. Meanwhile Ada, my older sister, had married a Canadian air force officer [David Siegel] and they moved to Canada. After years of working on it, Ada managed, finally, to get my father out of Australia into Canada, and then the two of them came to New York. By that time, the European war was over, and the Far Eastern war in its last stages. The idea was to reunite the family in New York. So in January, 1945, we came in on the Russian quota, which was not filled. My family was Russian, I was born in Moscow, which we left when I was three-and-a-half years old.
斯坦伯格：
过程相当曲折。我的父亲（I. N. 斯坦伯格）曾经参与过理想主义派的犹太定居点建立运动，但他们选的地点并不在巴勒斯坦。我父亲自己挑头创建了一个叫“自由之地联盟”的组织，在1930年代，当时的局势迫切地需要找到一处能容下犹太难民的地点。提起这个，我还听过一个段子，说1930年代，有位犹太女士走进德国一家旅游公司，职员问她“您想去哪里呢？”她回答，“我也不知道，您有什么建议吗？”职员把一座地球仪搬到她的面前让她选，这位女士把地球仪转了一圈又一圈，最后开口道：“只有这些了？还有其他地方么？”
在那个年代，我父亲创立“自由之地联盟”，部分是因为英国当时关闭了对巴勒斯坦的移民渠道。另一方面更是因为，他是个无政府主义者，极度理想主义的那一派。我父亲并没有把建立一个犹太族裔的主权国家视为目标，因为国家和权力，在他看来都是腐败的根源。
他希望犹太族裔能够享有文化自治，最好能在英联邦内解决定居点问题，他组建的委员会为此研究了地球上每个角落让犹太人定居的可行性。最终，他们选定了位于澳大利亚西部的一片土地，那里几乎可以说是一片荒原，无人居住。我父亲在1939年初赴澳大利亚，希望通过活动来争取公众的支持。然而世界大战爆发后，他就被困在了澳大利亚。与此同时，我的姐姐阿达，与一位加拿大空军军官【大卫·西格尔】结为伉俪，移居加拿大。经过多年的努力后，父亲才终于在阿达的帮助下离开澳大利亚，来到加拿大投奔姐姐一家——这时欧洲的战火已经熄灭，远东的战事也已到了最后的收官阶段。按照计划，我们一家应当在纽约团聚。于是，在1945年1月，我和母亲等家人拿着俄国公民的配额，就这样来到了美国，尽管我们从没有正式取得过国民身份。但我的家人本就来自俄国，而我本人出生在莫斯科，只是不到三岁半就离开了。
SMITH:
What did your father do for a living?
史密斯：
你父亲是做什么营生的？
STEINBERG:
Not much. He was a trained lawyer, but he practiced little because he had gone into politics very early. Do you want to hear about my father? 8
斯坦伯格：
这个嘛，他其实没有什么正经的职业。他本应是名执业律师，但几乎没怎么从事过法律工作，因为他很早就投身政坛了。说起这，你想听听我父亲的故事吗？
SMITH:
Yes, a little bit.
史密斯：
嗯，有点兴趣。
STEINBERG:
Well, he came from the Baltic countries. He was born in a place called Dvinsk [Latvia] in Russian. The German name was Diinaburg. He went to Moscow to study at the university. Incidentally, there was a rigid quota system to limit the number of Jews in Russian universities, and only those who had won gold medals throughout their high school career were admitted. My father was bright enough to have done that, and coming to Moscow he instantly joined the Social Revolutionary Party. Students were not allowed to be members of political parties and were not allowed to attend political meetings. He went to a political meeting, but, knowing that the czarist police would be watching, he borrowed a workman's cap and overcoat as a disguise. But he did not bother to change his trousers, though students in those days wore uniforms with a red stripe down the side. So the police saw this guy, obviously in a student uniform wearing a workman's overcoat. My father was instantly nabbed and sentenced to three years in Siberia. My grandfather managed to rake some money together, went to St. Petersburg, bribed the officials in charge, and got the sentence commuted to four years' exile abroad. It was decided that my father, his younger brother, Aron, who was a philosopher, and their brilliant young Talmud teacher, Dr. Rabinkoff, would go to study in Heidelberg. So these three young men set up together in Heidelberg, with my uncle pursuing philosophy, my father studying law, and they spent four years 9 there, from 1910 to 1914. My father wrote his doctoral dissertation, I think with the help of his Talmud teacher, on the theory of crime in the Talmud, Die Lehre vom Verbrechen im Talmud, which was printed. At the outbreak of war, he went back to Russia. My uncle delayed for a few days and then, so as not to travel on the Sabbath, took a train the next day to Denmark, hoping to get back to Russia and home. The train was stopped and searched by the Germans; Uncle Aron was sent back to Heidelberg, where, with some other Russian students, he spent the war as a civilian internee. They were assigned a house, and for four-and-a-half years they lived in a kind of monastic community. They studied, and once a week they had to report to the police.
斯坦伯格：
我父亲祖上应该来自波罗的海地区。他的出生地，德语是Diinaburg。后来他去了莫斯科读大学。顺带说一句，沙俄时代的大学对犹太学生的比例控制得极其严格，只有那些整个高中期间学习成绩都特别优异，能得到金奖的人才有资格入学。而我父亲正是其中一位。
来到莫斯科后，他很快加入了社会革命党。但那个时候学生是不允许加入政党，也不允许参加政治集会的。有一次，我父亲去参加集会，事前知道会上有特务在盯梢，他特意借了工人样式的帽子和长大衣，试图隐藏自己的学生身份。但他却懒得换掉学生制服的长裤，那种裤子在两侧有红色长条，非常显眼。警察一眼就看出这是个穿工装上衣和学生制服裤的大学生。父亲被捕了，被判流放西伯利亚三年。好在祖父筹到了一笔钱，去圣彼得堡贿赂了负责本案的长官，才把刑罚改成流放外国四年。就这样，我父亲、他的弟弟亚伦——后来成为一名哲学家，还有他们年轻的塔木德教师——拉斌科夫博士，一起去了海德堡大学读书。三个年轻人就在海德堡彼此依靠，我的叔叔专攻哲学，我父亲学法律，从1910至1914，在那里度过了四年。我父亲写下了他的博士论文，题目是《塔木德的犯罪探讨》，Die Lehre vom Verbrechen im Talmud.我猜应该得到了那位塔木德教师的指点，这篇博士论文后来也出版成书了。
第一次世界大战爆发后，父亲回到了俄国。可我叔叔因为一些事情耽搁了几天，为了避开安息日旅行的禁忌，他搭乘次日去丹麦的火车，希望回俄国与家人团聚。但火车被拦下并遭到德国人的搜查。亚伦叔叔被遣返回到海德堡，和其他一些俄国学生一起，被送到一所房子看守起来，作为“战时拘押平民（Civilian Internee）”在那里度过了四年半，过着类修道士的团体生活。他们大部分时间在学习，每周向警察报到一次。
SMITH:
It could have been worse, I suppose; at least they weren't in an internment camp.
史密斯：
听起来……他的遭遇还不算最坏的；至少不需要被关在拘留营。
STEINBERG:
No. This is when Western civilization was still somewhat intact. It could not have happened in World War II.
斯坦伯格：
的确。那时的西方文明还不至于像后来那样四分五裂。到二战的时候就没有这种待遇了。
SMITH:
Right.
史密斯：
没错。
STEINBERG:
And not today. But certain bourgeois values, which we all took such delight in attacking in the old days, were still in operation. Anyhow, my father returned to Moscow, got married, and rejoined his party, the Social Revolutionaries. They wanted him to be elected to the Duma, the parliament. But to be elected you 10 had to be a householder in your electoral district for at least a year, so they sent him to a place called Ufa, a small town in the Ural mountains, where the party bought him a house. He started a daily newspaper in Ufa, which he wrote from beginning to end. After a year he was elected to the Duma, in 1914, and gave his maiden speech, which was rather incendiary and anti-czarist. That was probably in July, and his party told him, "You'd better get out of Moscow. The police target undesirables in the Duma. They arrest them and hold them without trial, and since the Duma will be in recess throughout the summer, you would simply be jailed for three months." They said, "You were recently married, why don't you go take a honeymoon somewhere?" And so my parents went to Finland. My father read the papers in Finland and learned about the czarist government's policy of clearing Jewish villages, because they didn't trust the loyalty of the Jews, whom they had always treated as internal enemies. Before the German advance, there were a lot of Jewish settlements, and all of them, entire townships and villages, were ordered at once to evacuate. They took to the road on foot, with packs on their backs. Many of course fell by the wayside and died, and typhus epidemics broke out. After two weeks in Finland my parents broke off their honeymoon and went to Poland to organize relief for these processions of tens of thousands of refugees crowding the roads. My father went to Moscow and raised money in the Jewish communities for the relief operation. My mother caught typhus and nearly 11 died. She recovered and they decided to return to Moscow. At the railroad station, the children she had taken care of brought bouquets of flowers tied with embroidered silk bands bearing dedications to my mother.
斯坦伯格：
即便在今天，恐怕也不会有了。我们曾经大肆批评的布尔什维克价值观在这种境遇下依然发挥了它的价值。总而言之，我父亲回到了俄国，结婚成家，重新加入了他的社会革命党。党内同僚希望我父亲能入选杜马，也就是议会议员。但要当选议员你必须在你的选区里成为户主至少一年，因此政党把他派去了一座叫Ufa的山区小镇，给他买了一座房子在那里安家。
父亲在Ufa办了一份日报，从创立到关闭，他都坚持自己供稿。一年以后，他成功当选杜马议员，那是1914年（译者注：原文如此，参照前文时间点略有矛盾。可能是口述严谨性问题）。第一次向公众做公开演讲，他的演讲就极尽激进煽动，且旗帜鲜明地表达反沙皇立场。
那时大概是七月，他的党内好友告诉他，“你最好离开莫斯科，警察要对杜马里的异见分子动手了。他们想抓人就抓人，无需审判就羁押，鉴于杜马有夏休，你定会被拘留刚好三个月。” 他们接着建议，“你刚新婚，不如就去找个地方度蜜月吧？”于是，我的父母去了芬兰。我父亲在芬兰的报纸上知道了沙俄政府实施了针对犹太人的灭村运动，因为政府无法信任犹太人对的忠诚——犹太人已经习惯性地被扣上内奸的帽子。在德国进犯前，犹太人定居点本已遍布俄罗斯各地，然而，此令一出，几乎所有犹太定居点，从村到镇，被下令即刻清场撤离。男女老少，全家大小，带着他们仅存的家当，只被允许步行离开。那时真是流民遍地，饿孚千里，伤寒疫症大流行。抵达芬兰两周后，我的父母就中断了他们的蜜月，赶赴波兰，开始组织对成千上万难民的支援救护。期间，我的父亲一度回到莫斯科，在犹太人社区中发起募捐，我母亲却在此时不幸染上了伤寒，一度生命垂危。
母亲康复后，我父母决定回到莫斯科，在火车站出发前，她看护过的孩子们带着一大束用缎带束起的鲜花献到她手里，为她送行。
SMITH:
That's nice.
史密斯：
真美好。
STEINBERG: The ribbons stayed with us until about 1980, when we donated them to New York's Jewish Museum. So that's how their marriage began.
斯坦伯格：
那根缎带在我们家一直珍藏到1980年代，直到我们把它捐赠给纽约的犹太人博物馆。它见证了我父母结为连理的开端。
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